Mapped: The key territories Putin wants handed over to bring about peace in Ukraine

As all eyes turn to Washington DC on Monday, one of the key issues that is likely to be a sore topic for Volodymyr Zelensky is the prospect of relinquishing land to secure peace for Ukraine.

Despite launching an illegal invasion, Vladimir Putin is understood to have demanded that Kyiv surrender the eastern Donetsk and Luhansk provinces as a condition for ending the war.

Such a move would effectively hand over Ukraine’s industrial heartland, giving Russia control of the Donbas region, where the majority of the heavy fighting has taken place since February 2022.

While Russia controls almost all of Luhansk, it holds about 70 per cent of Donetsk.

Mr Zelensky has previously insisted he would reject any proposal to withdraw from the industrial Donbas region, claiming it would “open a bridgehead” for a wider Russian offensive.

However, sources close to the White House have said that Mr Trump appears to have endorsed the move, and will likely be raising the issue during his meeting with Mr Zelensky in the Oval Office on Monday.

The Russian president also said he would freeze the frontline in the southern regions of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, where his forces occupy a large territory.

These areas have been long coveted by Putin, who first entered the Donbas region during an offensive in 2014, which saw Russia annex the Crimean peninsula.

Russian-backed separatists broke away from the Ukrainian government to proclaim the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk independent “people’s republics” and, as a result, Moscow captured more than a third of Ukraine’s eastern territory.

It is currently believed that around 88 per cent of the Donbas is under Russian control, while approximately 6,600 sq km is still being held by Ukraine.

In recent months, Moscow has reinforced its efforts to seize these remaining areas, pushing towards cities like Pokrovsk and intensifying drone and air strikes.

It is crucially important to Ukraine, given that the region holds one of the largest coal reserves and is viewed as an energy powerhouse by Kyiv.

It has also been described as a “fortress belt” by the Institute for the Study of War, given that Donetsk forms the main fortified defensive line along the eastern region, halting Russia in their tracks.

“Ukraine is holding a key defensive line across Donetsk,” says Elina Beketova, a fellow at the Centre for European Policy Analysis, describing a “fortified zone buildup over years because the war began 11 years ago”.

“It’s not just trenches, it’s a deep, layered defence with bunkers, anti-tank ditches, minefields, and industrial areas built into the terrain. The area includes dominant heights, rivers, and urban zones that make it extremely hard to capture,” explains Beketova.

Relinquishing the territory would be “catastrophic” for Russia, especially if they are not given concrete security guarantees such as Article 5 protection from Nato.

However, Putin made it clear that he would not fall back on core demands to “resolve root causes of the conflict”, that includes Ukraine becoming a neutral state and abandoning Nato aspirations.